Look at the maps in the textbook and find the places listed below in relation to the following cities: Moscow, St. Petersburg (Petrograd, Leningrad), Kiev, Vienna, Budapest, Warsaw, Krakow, Minsk. Explain the importance of these places for our understanding of pre-20th century Jewish history in Russia.

Read the questions below and find the answers in the text.

1. When did Jews come to live in the Russian Empire and under what circumstances did this happen?
2. What were the legal restrictions on Jewish life in Russia through the reign of Alexander II?
3. How did Alexander II change the legal restrictions on Jewish life?
4. Why did Russian Jews begin to leave the country in large numbers in the late 19th century?
5. Go back to section 13–2 and review the chronology. Find the events in the chronology that are referenced in the text.

1. What is the author’s attitude toward the events and individuals described in the text? Identify words and phrases that convey implicitly or explicitly the author’s attitude or ideological perspective, bringing evidence from the text to support your argument.
2. Did the information in the text depart from what you had previously read or thought about the topic discussed in this chapter?