In this chapter you will read about the rise of the revolutionary movement in Russia throughout the 19^th century and the beginning of the 20^th century. Specifically, consider the following questions:

1. What were the most important catalysts for the rise of the revolutionary movement in Russia, a country with a poorly developed industrial base at the beginning of the 19^th century?
2. What measures were taken by the tsarist authorities to stamp out the revolutionary movement and why were these measures unsuccessful?
3. Who were the most important political and philosophical leaders of the Russian revolutionary movement and what were the turning points in the 19^th and early 20^th centuries that led to their overthrow of the tsarist regime in 1917?