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10–3. Историческая и политическая лексика |
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Review the vocabulary below before reading the text. |
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абсолютная монархия |
absolute monarchy |
военная казарма |
military barrack |
гласный суд |
open (public) trials |
господство |
dominance, sovereignty |
гражданско-правовая сферае |
civil legal sphere (as opposed to military) |
духовность |
spirituality |
заимствование |
borrowing (of words, ideas, concepts) |
закономерность |
principle, law (e.g., law of physics) |
замедлять/замедлить |
to slow down, impede |
западник |
Westernizer: Russian Zapadnik, in 19th-century Russia, especially in the 1840s and ’50s, one of the intellectuals who emphasized Russia’s common historic destiny with the West, as opposed to Slavophiles, who believed Russia’s traditions and destiny to be unique |
запаздывание |
delay, lagging behind |
конституционно-монархическое устройство |
system of constitutional monarchy |
крепостнические отношения pl |
feudal relations |
крепостное право |
serfdom (institution of serfdom) |
критическое осмысление |
critical interpretation, analysis, understanding |
мировоззрение |
worldview |
«мировой жандарм» |
world (or global) policeman (gens d’arme) |
народность |
national identity or national character |
неприкосновенность личности |
personal inviolability |
общественная мысль |
public thought |
общественное мнение |
public opinion |
православие |
Eastern Orthodoxy (Russian Orthodoxy) |
| преодоление |
overcoming |
препятствовать impf, кому-чему |
to block, to be an obstacle to something |
природно-климатические условия pl |
climatic conditions |
просвещение |
enlightenment, education |
| разгром |
utter defeat |
| самобытный |
primordial, primeval, pristine |
| самодержавие |
autocracy |
| свобода печати |
freedom of the press |
| свобода слова |
freedom of speech |
| своеобразие |
uniqueness |
| славянофил |
Slavophile: In Russian history, member of a 19th-century intellectual movement that wanted Russia’s future development to be based on values and institutions derived from the country’s early history |
| соборность |
A term coined by the “Slavophile” school of Russian thinkers in the 19th century in their polemic with “Westernizers,” attributing to Slavic and especially Russian people unique qualities of collectiveness, communality, and spirituality supposedly in opposition to Western characteristics of individualism, acquisitiveness, and materialism |
| татаро-монгольское иго |
Tatar Yoke |
| течение |
current figurative or literal |
| торжество права |
rule of law |
| угрожать impf кому-чему |
to threaten |
| царствование |
rule/reign (of a tsar’) |
цензура |
censorship |
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10–4. Вводные слова, союзы, риторические средства |
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The words and phrases below are important devices that are commonly used to organize discourse. The more of them you remember, the easier it will be for you to understand the text. |
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в соответствии с чем |
in accordance with |
во многом |
in many ways |
даже |
even |
(как) так и |
and also |
лишь |
only, exclusively |
поэтому |
therefore |
прежде всего |
first of all, primarily |
с одной стороны, ... с другой стороны |
on the one hand, on the other hand |
с учётом чего |
bearing in mind, accounting for |
среди кого-чего |
amongwhom |
столь |
as much |
сходиться (impf) в одном (в том, что) |
to agree on something, to have the same opinion |
тем более |
moreover |
теперь |
now (contrast with previously) |
| то, что |
that which |
точно так же |
just like |
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