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5–3. Историческая и политическая лексика |
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Review the vocabulary below before reading the text. |
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богомолье |
pilgrimage |
в миру
мир=светская жизнь |
in the secular world (as opposed to in the monastery) |
вволю adv |
to one’s heart’s content, in plenty |
воевода obsolete |
medieval Russian military governor |
возрождение |
rebirth, renaissance |
вражда |
hostility |
долг перед государством |
duty to the state |
дьяк |
medieval Russian clerk or government official |
Земский собор |
National council |
злоупотребление |
abuse, misuse |
местное самоуправление |
local control, local government |
«московская волокита» |
Muscovite red tape |
национальное единство |
national unity |
национальное примирение |
national reconciliation |
общественный порядок |
social order |
опала |
disgrace |
подьячий |
minor official or clerk |
пожизненная ссылка |
exile for life |
преодоление |
overcoming |
престол |
throne |
принимать/принять постриг |
to take monastic vows |
расправа |
violence, reprisal |
| смута |
disturbance, sedition (time of troubles) |
соблюдать пост(ы) |
to observe the fasts |
сословие |
social estate (nobility, bourgeoisie, peasants, clerics) |
стремительный набег |
sudden or swift raid |
угроза |
threat |
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5–4. Вводные слова, союзы, риторические средства |
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The words and phrases below are important devices that are commonly used to organize discourse. The more of them you remember, the easier it will be for you to understand the text. |
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| благодаря кому-чему |
thanks to something, due to something, owing to something |
в то время как |
while |
вскоре |
soon after |
всячески |
in every possible way |
за это |
for this (in exchange for this, in recognition of this, or as a punishment) |
несколько лет спустя |
several years later |
однако |
however |
одновременно |
simultaneously |
по природе |
by its (his/her/their) very nature |
по соглашению с кем |
in accordance with an agreement with someone |
подобно кому |
similar to someone |
помимо чего |
aside from |
поначалу |
at first |
превыше всего |
most importantly |
при ком-чём |
during (the rule of a king) or at the moment of something happening |
при этом |
given that; despite that |
среди них |
among them |
таким образом |
in this way |
через месяц после чего |
a month later after something else |
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